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从运行bitcoind开始

Posted on Edited on

99.99%的人都是从比特币入门区块链的, 剩下那个当然是中本聪啦😈

个人觉得搞这个东西还是要熟悉一些概念后亲自跑一跑程序, 操作一下, 不然很难有深刻的印象(搞计算机技术好像都是这一个套路, 可能其他行业也是)

源码安装

废话不多说，开搞，建议开个虚拟机，因为依赖环境比较多，别把你宿主机搞得不兼容了，毕竟C++库不是随便装的

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git clone https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.git
#这个是我当时用的稳定版
git checkout v0.16.0

接着直接运行这个shell脚本

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pi@raspberrypi:~/project/bitcoin $ ./autogen.sh
configuration failed, please install autoconf first

#装autoconf
sudo apt-get install autoconf

再来一遍 ./autogen.sh， 可能会报如下错误

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/usr/share/automake-1.15/am/depend2.am: error: am__fastdepCXX does not appear in AM_CONDITIONAL
/usr/share/automake-1.15/am/depend2.am:   The usual way to define 'am__fastdepCXX' is to add 'AC_PROG_CXX'
/usr/share/automake-1.15/am/depend2.am:   to 'configure.ac' and run 'aclocal' and 'autoconf' again
/usr/share/automake-1.15/am/depend2.am: error: AMDEP does not appear in AM_CONDITIONAL
/usr/share/automake-1.15/am/depend2.am:   The usual way to define 'AMDEP' is to add one of the compiler tests
/usr/share/automake-1.15/am/depend2.am:     AC_PROG_CC, AC_PROG_CXX, AC_PROG_OBJC, AC_PROG_OBJCXX,
/usr/share/automake-1.15/am/depend2.am:     AM_PROG_AS, AM_PROG_GCJ, AM_PROG_UPC
/usr/share/automake-1.15/am/depend2.am:   to 'configure.ac' and run 'aclocal' and 'autoconf' again
Makefile.am: error: C++ source seen but 'CXX' is undefined
Makefile.am:   The usual way to define 'CXX' is to add 'AC_PROG_CXX'
Makefile.am:   to 'configure.ac' and run 'autoconf' again.
parallel-tests: installing 'build-aux/test-driver'
autoreconf: automake failed with exit status: 1

这是因为缺少libtool

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sudo apt-get install libtool

索性一波全装了吧

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#索性一波全装上
sudo apt-get install build-essential libtool autotools-dev automake pkg-config libssl-dev libevent-dev bsdmainutils python3

#C++的boost库
sudo apt-get install libboost-system-dev libboost-filesystem-dev libboost-chrono-dev libboost-program-options-dev libboost-test-dev libboost-thread-dev

##如果上面装了编不过去
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev

#qt的东西，如果你需要图形界面的话
sudo apt-get install libqt5gui5 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 qttools5-dev qttools5-dev-tools libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler

安装Berkeley DB 4.8版本，我编译装的5.2，这个只牵扯到钱包的兼容性，不过在我的ubuntu上钱包运行的也正常

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#官方说这个地址有编译好的ubuntu Berkeley DB4.8
https://launchpad.net/~bitcoin/+archive/bitcoin
#添加repo
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bitcoin/bitcoin
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libdb4.8-dev libdb4.8++-dev

编译

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#忽略libdb的版本检查, 不然不给过, 当然4.8版本可以不加
#include 和 lib路径如果是用apt-get 安装的libdb可以不加
#建议加上--prefix指定个单独的目录
./configure --with-incompatible-bdb LDFLAGS="-L /home/username/bitcoin/db4/lib/" CPPFLAGS="-I /home/username/bitcoin/db4/include/" --prefix=<path>

成功生成MakeFile文件后当然是

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sudo make && make install

在安装路径下有如下文件就安装成功啦

├── bin
│   ├── bench_bitcoin
│   ├── bitcoin-cli
│   ├── bitcoind
│   ├── bitcoin-tx
│   └── test_bitcoin
├── include
│   └── bitcoinconsensus.h
├── lib
│   ├── libbitcoinconsensus.a
│   ├── libbitcoinconsensus.la
│   ├── libbitcoinconsensus.so -> libbitcoinconsensus.so.0.0.0
│   ├── libbitcoinconsensus.so.0 -> libbitcoinconsensus.so.0.0.0
│   ├── libbitcoinconsensus.so.0.0.0
│   └── pkgconfig
│       └── libbitcoinconsensus.pc
└── share
    └── man
        └── man1
            ├── bitcoin-cli.1
            ├── bitcoind.1
            └── bitcoin-tx.1

其中bin/bitcoind 是节点服务程序, 运行起来你就建立了一个比特币节点，而且默认会在~/.bitcoin下同步全网链上数据, 少说也有几百个G吧,
最好还是外挂个硬盘，在你准备存储比特币网络数据的文件夹下创建bitcoin.conf, 并且写入你的json-rpc账户密码

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rpcuser=your_pass_username
rpcpassword=your_password

启动bitcoind

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./bitcoind -datadir=<your_data_path>

同时可以看下下面的debug.log, 大概能看出来点bitcoind大概启动时都干了点什么，几个线程都是干嘛的

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17:41:59 Bitcoin Core version v0.16.0 (release build)
17:41:59 InitParameterInteraction: parameter interaction: -whitelistforcerelay=1 -> setting -whitelistrelay=1
17:41:59 Assuming ancestors of block 0000000000000000005214481d2d96f898e3d5416e43359c145944a909d242e0 have valid signatures.
17:41:59 Setting nMinimumChainWork=000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f91c579d57cad4bc5278cc
17:41:59 Using the 'sse4' SHA256 implementation

当然用top 命令也能看

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1311488 307976  18992 S  0.0  7.7   0:12.96 bitcoind
1311488 307976  18992 S  0.0  7.7   0:00.00 bitcoin-scriptc
1311488 307976  18992 S  0.0  7.7   0:00.29 bitcoin-schedul
1311488 307976  18992 S  0.0  7.7   0:00.00 bitcoin-http
1311488 307976  18992 S  0.0  7.7   0:00.00 bitcoin-httpwor
1311488 307976  18992 S  0.0  7.7   0:00.00 bitcoin-httpwor
1311488 307976  18992 S  0.0  7.7   0:00.00 bitcoin-httpwor
1311488 307976  18992 S  0.0  7.7   0:00.00 bitcoin-httpwor
1311488 307976  18992 S  0.0  7.7   0:29.62 bitcoind
1311488 307976  18992 S  0.0  7.7   0:00.00 bitcoin-torcont
1311488 307976  18992 S  0.0  7.7   0:01.61 bitcoin-net
1311488 307976  18992 S  0.0  7.7   0:00.01 bitcoin-addcon
1311488 307976  18992 S  0.0  7.7   0:00.04 bitcoin-opencon
1311488 307976  18992 D  0.0  7.7   0:20.56 bitcoin-msghand

一些补充

我们的节点同步全网数据需要很长时间, 有资源的同学可以去搞一份拷贝, 或者知道有临近的高速全节点的, 可以手动加入到我们节点连接中去

我个人把节点部署到了<树莓派> 上, 对你没看错, 可以跑得起来, 系统都是debian系的, 安装过程差不多, 折腾折腾就玩了, 切记make的时候用一个核, 2,3,4我都试过跑不到两分钟就得挂, 这玩意还是很脆弱的,
同步数据和操作基本都是耗在io上, 所以拿来搞还省电, 多好

如果你在树莓派上挂载NTFS格式硬盘, 就算是777的权限, 文件系统也是无法写入的

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#安装这个工具
sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g
#在/etc/fstab中添加
/dev/sda1 /mnt/myusbdrive ntfs-3g defaults,noexec,umask=0000 0 0
#重启就ok

开始与节点交互

bin/bitcoin-cli 是一个命令行工具，通过json-rpc与我们的节点进程交互，可以通过以下两个参数设置节点ip和port，默认本地

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-rpcconnect=<ip>
     Send commands to node running on <ip> (default: 127.0.0.1)
    
-rpcport=<port>
     Connect to JSON-RPC on <port> (default: 8332 or testnet: 18332)

查看我们运行节点的基本信息

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./bitcoin-cli  -getinfo
{
  "version": 160000,           #客户端版本编号
  "protocolversion": 70015,    #协议编号
  "walletversion": 159900,     #钱包编号
  "balance": 0.00000000,       #余额
  "blocks": 411418,            #已同步的区块高度
  "timeoffset": -13,
  "connections": 8,            #节点连接数
  "proxy": "",                 #代理
  "difficulty": 194254820283.444, #pow 难度
  "testnet": false,
  "keypoololdest": 1520946917,
  "keypoolsize": 1000,         #地址池大小
  "unlocked_until": 0,         #钱包解锁到期时间
  "paytxfee": 0.00000000,
  "relayfee": 0.00001000,
  "warnings": ""
}

获取账户所有地址

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./bitcoin-cli getaddressesbyaccount ''                                
[
  "3AjyTTHRsGELnRxvcSsVKdKHkY4zRwzkcQ",
  "3EgCto1Qfa9VhBmMFqbg6hSEYmdMfCxMKV",
  "3LmfCAA2KyyXE7gX314ZGVgTUJvvx59RRd"
]

获取对应地址的私钥WIF格式

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./bitcoin-cli dumpprivkey 3AjyTTHRsGELnRxvcSsVKdKHkY4zRwzkcQ
KyjMQnhdUTbC4psCVjahyvrKkKYvU89ogFnFF1Nm184bp87evhhT

因为dumpprivkey命令是提取钱包中的私钥, 是getnewaddress命令生成的, 并不是反推出来的(不要想多了), 所以要运行walletpassphrase命令解锁钱包

获得一笔交易代码

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 ./bitcoin-cli getrawtransaction fe28050b93faea61fa88c4c630f0e1f0a1c24d
0082dd0e10d369e13212128f33
01000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff0804ffff001d02fd04ffffffff0100f2052a01000000434104f5eeb2b10c944c6b9fbcfff
94c35bdeecd93df977882babc7f3a2cf7f5c81d3b09a68db7f0e04f21de5d4230e75e6dbe7ad16eefe0d4325a62067dc6f369446aac00000000

解码一笔交易，获得一笔交易的详细信息

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这里面可以看到此交易是区块上第一个交易，是系统对于矿工的奖励50个btc，如果你看一个最近产生的区块，奖励已经是25个btc了，如果是普通用户交易，vin内部字段也是不一样的，这是基于btc的TUXO模型，这个后面的文章会详细介绍

./bitcoin-cli  decoderawtransaction 01000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff0804ffff001d02fd04ffffffff0100f2052a01000000434104f5eeb2b10c944c6b9fbcfff94c35bdeecd93df977882babc7f3a2cf7f5c81d3b09a68db7f0e04f21de5d4230e75e6dbe7ad16eefe0d4325a62067dc6f369446aac00000000
{
  "txid": "fe28050b93faea61fa88c4c630f0e1f0a1c24d0082dd0e10d369e13212128f33",
  "hash": "fe28050b93faea61fa88c4c630f0e1f0a1c24d0082dd0e10d369e13212128f33",
  "version": 1,
  "size": 135,
  "vsize": 135,
  "locktime": 0,
  "vin": [
    {
      "coinbase": "04ffff001d02fd04",
      "sequence": 4294967295
    }
  ],
  "vout": [
    {
      "value": 50.00000000,
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "04f5eeb2b10c944c6b9fbcfff94c35bdeecd93df977882babc7f3a2cf7f5c81d3b09a68db7f0e04f21de5d4230e75e6dbe7ad16eefe0d4325a62067dc6f369446a OP_CHECKSIG",
        "hex": "4104f5eeb2b10c944c6b9fbcfff94c35bdeecd93df977882babc7f3a2cf7f5c81d3b09a68db7f0e04f21de5d4230e75e6dbe7ad16eefe0d4325a62067dc6f369446aac",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "pubkey",
        "addresses": [
          "1BW18n7MfpU35q4MTBSk8pse3XzQF8XvzT"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

获得这笔交易所在区块的信息

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./bitcoin-cli  getblock 00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09
{
  "hash": "00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09",
  "confirmations": 386154,
  "strippedsize": 216,
  "size": 216,
  "weight": 864,
  "height": 1000,
  "version": 1,
  "versionHex": "00000001",
  "merkleroot": "fe28050b93faea61fa88c4c630f0e1f0a1c24d0082dd0e10d369e13212128f33",
  "tx": [
    "fe28050b93faea61fa88c4c630f0e1f0a1c24d0082dd0e10d369e13212128f33"
  ],
  "time": 1232346882,
  "mediantime": 1232344831,
  "nonce": 2595206198,
  "bits": "1d00ffff",
  "difficulty": 1,
  "chainwork": "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003e903e903e9",
  "previousblockhash": "0000000008e647742775a230787d66fdf92c46a48c896bfbc85cdc8acc67e87d",
  "nextblockhash": "00000000a2887344f8db859e372e7e4bc26b23b9de340f725afbf2edb265b4c6"
}

通过高度获取区块哈希

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#我们获取高度为1000的区块的哈希值，可以看到结果是和上面那条命令的哈希值相同

./bitcoin-cli  getblockhash 1000
00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09

借此我们看下中本聪😈创世区块的内容

./bitcoin-cli getbloackhash 0
000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f

./bitcoin-cli getblock 000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f
{
  "hash": "000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f",
  "confirmations": 1,
  "strippedsize": 285,
  "size": 285,
  "weight": 1140,
  "height": 0,
  "version": 1,
  "versionHex": "00000001",
  "merkleroot": "4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b",
  "tx": [
    "4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b"
  ],
  "time": 1231006505,
  "mediantime": 1231006505,
  "nonce": 2083236893,
  "bits": "1d00ffff",
  "difficulty": 1,
  "chainwork": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100010001"
}
接下来我们想获取这个交易的详细信息，可是系统提示创世块禁止检索，这是因为创世交易没有添加进交易数据库中，所以从你本身的节点是检索不到的，至于为什么，这是中本聪😈自己的设计

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./bitcoin-cli -datadir=/media/liuyang/My\ Passport/bitcoin_data/ getrawtransaction 4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b

error code: -5
error message:
The genesis block coinbase is not considered an ordinary transaction and cannot be retrieved

google了一下有人说这笔交易被硬编码到了最近的bitcoin core client中, 这是一份json dump,  有空看下这块的代码，找找写在哪里了.

{
    "txid" : "4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b",
    "version" : 1,
    "locktime" : 0,
    "vin" : [
        {
            "coinbase" : "04ffff001d0104455468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b73",
            "sequence" : 4294967295
        }
    ],
    "vout" : [
        {
            "value" : 50.00000000,
            "n" : 0,
            "scriptPubKey" : {
                "asm" : "04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f OP_CHECKSIG",
                "hex" : "4104678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5fac",
                "reqSigs" : 1,
                "type" : "pubkey",
                "addresses" : [
                    "1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa"
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}

总结

本篇我们从编译安装比特币节点开始，用命令行工具与我们搭建的节点进行了一些简单的交互，简单地探索了一下链上区块，其实还有非常多的操作没有介绍，这些大家可以自己多尝试一下,
JSON-RPC返回的json格式数据也非常有益于我们编程去做一些链上数据处理，比如地址关联分析，交易关系可视化等都非常有趣.

如果觉得有所收获， 不要说话， 请用币砸我 :)

狗狗币地址:

DDTVkcxGWBbtMp6ArPYmXRvRTryVRQVn3U

ERC20代币地址:

0x807ed647c8572C368976497EA4cb3eA812533b53